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小编:Hosea 404介词和连词是雅思英语学习的难点和重点,由于这类词往往具有一词多义性,及一义多词性,因而极易出错。由于汉语中对于连词的要求与英语中表达习惯不同,因此,在这方面考生容易忽略或掌握不透某些知识点,这些应引起考生高度注意。
一、表示原因的一些介词
1. at表原因。例:He cried at the news. = On hearing the news,he cried.和形容词构成的固定搭配有:
be shocked at,be quick at,be angry at,be good at.
2. due to由于。例如: His good resuct is due to his working hard.
3. owing to因为、由于。例: Owing to the bad weather, I can t go there with you.
二、表示时间的介词
1.in,after与later在表示"……时间之后"的区别。
"in+一段时间",表示将来动作的发生。例:He will go home in 3 days.三天后他要回家。
"after+一具体时间点",表示在某个时刻之后,可与一般过去,一般将来时连用,例:
He will go home after3o clock.他三点钟后将要回家。
"一段时间+later"指以过去某时间为起点的一段时间之后,常用于一般过去式。例:
Two days later,he died.两天之后,他死了。
2.during和in
"in"往往与具体时间或具体活动的动名词形式连用,当强调某一整体或与表示活动的抽象名词连用时,多用during.例:The flowers will die away in October.
He visited a lot of countries during his visit to Asia.
三、表示"除了……"的介词
besides意思是除了……外还有,表增加。
except表示除了……之外都,表删掉,不包括其宾语。
except for表示对于主语细节上的修正,其宾语与主句主语往往并非同类。例:I like English besides Chinese.除了英语,我还喜欢语文。
I like all the subjects except English.除了英语外,其他学科我都喜欢。This composition is good except for some spelling errors.这篇作文很好,除了几处书写错误。
四、表达方式的介词by和with,in.
by表示"以……方式、方法、手段"等,也泛指某种交通工具。with表示"以……工具",一般按具体的物体。in表示以"以……方式或语言"等。例:I always go to school by bus.
He is writing a composition with a pen. You must write the letter in ink.
五、一些介词的固定搭配短语
hand in hand手牵手 shoulder to shoulder肩并肩face to face面对面
one after another一个挨一个step by step一步一步地 word for word字字相对的
六、and和or用于表条件的特殊用法
祈使句+and+句子.表顺承关系的条件与结果关系。
祈使句+or+句子.表转折关系的因果关系译为"否则"。例:Work hard,and you ll succeed.努力工作,你就会成功。Work hard,or you ll fail.
努力工作,否则你一定会失败。
七、until的特殊用法
not…until…为一特定句型,表示"直到……才",其强调结构应格外注意。1.It was+not until+句子+that+主句2.Until+从句+主句
3.Not until+从句+倒装主句。例:
It was not until ten o clock,that I went to bed.Until ten o clock,I didn t go to bed.
Not until he came back did I go to bed.
八、具有连词功能的名词、副词。
the moment,immediately,the minute,the day,the first time等。例:The moment I saw him yesterday,I couldn t help crying.昨天我见到他的那一刻就忍不住哭了出来。I gave that book to Jack immediately I saw him.我看到杰克后马上就把书给他了。
九、易于与连词混淆的副词:yet,still
由于汉语翻译的影响,yet,still易被误认为是连词,其实它们可以和although/though等连词连用。例:
Though I didn t like the film,yet I went there at last.