来源:环球教育整理
小编:袁慧美 493选择题是雅思听力考试中的必考题型,每场考试基本稳定在20道题左右,包含单选题、多选题以及配对题。 许多烤鸭在准备的过程中,经常被选择题折磨到生无可恋,下面就让我来给大家提供一些比较实用的单选题攻略^_^。
单选题常见的题干有以下两种情况:
第一,题干为一个完整的疑问句,考生选择最佳答案回答。
第二,题干为句子的前半部分,由考生选择最佳答案补全。
审题原则:
1. 题干优于选项原则。
雅思听力选择题,尤其是Section 3的选择题,题干和选项普遍都比较长,如果考生在读题的过程中,题干和选项同步阅读,在给定的时间内是很难读完全部题目的,在之后听题的过程中对于题号靠后的题目就无法做到心中有数了。因此,先定位题干是非常有必要的。在全部题干都已经阅读完毕的情况下,可以进行进一步的选项阅读。
2. 避开主题词或题目相关词。
在审题过程中寻找关键词是非常有必要的,但是在定位关键词的过程中,要懂得合理的取舍。题干中经常会出现一些和文章主题相关,或连续多道题(三道以上)题干中均出现同一词的情况(e.g. 723中,连续三道题题干出现Dr. Merrywhether. 712中,多道题干中出现PS Camping. 421中,连续三道题出现Peter等等)。这些词同时出现在多道题中,证明它们在音频中出现的概率也会很高,考生也就无法依靠它们来判断音频的进度,因此,这一类主题词或题目相关词是不能用作关键词的。
3. 巧用引号词: '_____' 引号词多为专有名词,很难被替换掉,因此可以用作定位词。e.g. 712中
Some areas of the sites have a 'no noise' rule after
A.9.30 p.m.
B.10.00 p.m.
C.10.30 p.m.
4. 留意以下几种词:否定词、时间、限定词(频率副词、程度副词等)、比较级&最高级、因果词、起修饰或限定作用的形容词副词等。
解题原则:
1.同意替换原则以及偷换主语干扰项排除原则。
在选择题中,选项中给出的原文原词多数都不是正确答案,正确的答案多通过同根词、同义词或反义词推出。在做选择题时,一定要小心和音频具有高相似度的选项,因为它们通常为干扰项。在有些时候,某些正确答案的同意替换由于读的比较模糊而很难捕捉,我们也可以尝试排除掉错误选项而推断出正确答案。如:
在剑8 Test2 Section3的23题中:
What point is made about Australian bees?
A. Their honey varies in quality.
B. Their size stops them from pollinating some flowers.
C. They are sold to customers abroad.
题目关键词:Australian bees
A选项关键词:honey varies in quality
B选项关键词:size, stop...from..., pollinate
C选项关键词:sold abroad
听力音频:
Professor: Well, what would happen if Australian bees died out?
Grant: Well, the honey from Australian bees is of excellent quality, much better than the stuff the Asian bees produce. In fact, Australia exports native queen bees to a large number of countries because of this. When the European honey bee was first discovered in the bush, we found they made really unpleasant honey and they were also too big to pollinate many of our native flowers here in Australia.
首先,在听题的过程中听到了A选项的honey,但通过紧随其后的excellent quality可以判断出A错误。
接下来音频中读到了export(出口),和B中的sold是同意替换,以及其后的to a large number of countries与abroad恰好是解释说明的关系,推断出答案是B。
然而,很多同学在做题的过程中反馈,B中的export非常难以听到,这没有关系,我们还可以通过判断C选项是否正确来找出正确答案。
在读到C选项之前,我们可以很清晰的听到European honey bee这个短语,与题目中Australian honey bee不是同一类蜜蜂,因此可以知晓,在其后读出的任何内容都会与本题无关,因此,在其后听到的they were too big to pollinate虽然和C完全契合,但由于其主语是European honey bee,与题干要求不符,也不会是答案。那么,答案依然会是B。
2.主被动置换原则。
在选择题中,若题干或选项涉及主被动语态,则音频经常会出现它们的相互同意替换。如在剑8 Test 3 Section 3中:
Paul was surprised to be given
A.a computer to use.
B.so little money to live on.
C.an extension to his contract.
题干关键词:surprised to be given
A选项关键词:computer
B选项关键词:so little money
C选项关键词:contract extension
听力音频:
Woman: And did you have a contract?
Paul: I had to stay for a minimum of three months. My parents were surprised when I asked to stay longer…
Woman: And did anything on the administration side of things surprise you? What was the food and lodging like?
Paul: Simple… but there was plenty to eat and I only paid 7 dollars a day for that which was amazing really. And they gave me all the equipment I needed.. even a laptop.
Woman: You didn't expect that then?
Paul: No.
首先,在音频中可以听到parents were surprised,那么可以推定其后所读内容stay longer(即extension)一定不会是答案从而排除掉C选项。
接下来woman提及surprise you,可以得知答案会在其后给出。然后听到了I only paid 7 dollars a day,虽然此处涉及到了钱的问题,但pay和give意思不同,因而判断出B不对。
此时可知答案为A选项。
A选项的正确通过they gave me和题干中to be given的主被动替换判断出其为正确答案。
除了以上提及的两点外,单选题在解题过程中还包含了一些其他的策略,如双重否定与肯定之间的替换,逻辑关系的替换等等。以后再和大家进行分析。